Nepal is amazingly rich and varied in its biodiversity due to the altitudinal variances, which makes Nepal a country of lush moist forest and sparse alpine desert to luxurious grasslands. The mountainous region also shelters some of the world’s most rare species of fauna. Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park and Chitwan National Park with their typical natural, cultural and landscape characteristics were listed as World Heritage sites in 1979 and 1984, respectively.
Established in 1973, Chitwan National park is the first protected area of Nepal. And the protected areas now includes ten national parks, three wildlife reserves, one hunting reserve and six conservation areas and eleven buffer zones covering an area of 34,186.62 sq. km that is 23.23% of the total area of the country.
Plants
Nepal has the record of some 6500 species of flowering plants and ferns for Nepal, which is about 4 times as many the UK, 300 of which are endemic to Nepal. Nepal’s importance to world conservation is further highlighted by the international recognition of the Himalayan Region as one of the World’s top 20 global biodiversity hotspots: a region of which Nepal is a major component.
Protected Medicinal Plants of Nepal (http://www.forestrynepal.org)
1. Dactylorhiza hatagirea Panchaunle
2. Bark of Juglans regia Okhar ko bokra
3. Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Kutki
4. Nardostachys grandiflora Jatamansi
5. Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha
6. Cinnamomum glaucescens Sugandhakokila
7. Valeriana jatamansi Sugandhawal
8. Lichen spp. Jhyau
9. Abies spectabilis Talispatra
10. Taxus spp. Lauth salla
11. Cordyceps sinensis Yarsagomba
12. Michelia champaca Champ
13. Acacia catechu Khayar
14. Shorea robusta Sal
15. Bombax ceiba Simal
16. Dalbergia latifolia Satisal
17. Pteocarpus marsupium Bijayasal
18. Juglans regia Okhar
Birds and birdlife in Nepal
Nepal is one of richest country for birdlife and is bestowed with 9% of the total birds of the world including numerous endangered, globally threatened with one endemic species, Spiny Babbler. Himalayan Monal (Impeyan pheasant) or Danphe, Lophophorus impejanus is the national birds of Nepal. By the law of country, following nine species are protected birds.
Protected birds of Nepal
1. Chir pheasant (Kalij) Catreus wallichii
2. Impeyan pheasant (Danphe) Lophophorus impejanus
3. Crimson-horned pheasant (Monal) Tragopan satyra
4. White stork (Seto Sarus) Ciconia ciconia
5. Bengal floricans (Khar major) Eupodotis bengalensis
6. Lesser floricans (Sano khar major) Sypheotides indica
7. Sarus crane (Sarus) Grus grus
8. Giant hornbill (Thulo dhanesh) Buceros bicornis
9. Black stork (Kalo sarus) Ciconia nigra
Orchids
Orchids are the nature’s one of the best display in their flowering patterns. The world has some 600 genera of this group in plant families, and out of this, Nepal has 57 genera (27 Terrestrials and 30 Epiphytic) with a few lithophytes. Wide spread into different ecological zones, from the foot hills of the Himalayas to the plains in the Terai, the orchid-world in Nepal is immensely interesting for nature lovers and horticultural experts. Over 300 species of orchids are found in Nepal, among which 11 species are endemic to Nepal and they are:
(1) Bulbophyllum ambrosia subsp. nepalensis
(2) Eria baniaii Bajracharya
(3) Eria nepalensis
(4) Eria pokharensis
(5) Liparis olivacea
(6) Neottia nepalensi
(7) Malaxis monophyllos
(8) Malaxis tamurensis
(9) Oberonia nepalensis
(10) Oreorchis pporphyranthes
(11) Pleione coronaria
Butterflies
11 of world’s 15 families of butterflies making over 643 species in Nepal (Butterflies of Nepal, Collin Smith)
Mammals
There are 167 mammal species in Nepal or l4% of mammals on earth, of which 1 is critically endangered (Pygmy Hog Sus salvanius), 11 are endangered, 20 are vulnerable, and 4 are near-threatened.
Following are the protected animals of Nepal
1. Assamese monkey (Assamis rato Bandar) Macaca assamensis
2. Indian pangolin (Salak Manis) pentadactyla
3. Hispid hare (Hispid kharayo) Caprolagus hispidus
4. Wolf (Bwanso) Canis lupus
5. Himalayan Bear (Himali rato bhalu) Ursus arctos
6. Red panda (Habre) Ailurus fulgens
7. Spotted linsang (Silu) Prionodon pardicolor
8. Leopard cat (Chari bagh) Felis bengalensia
9. Lynx Lynx Felis lynx
10. Clouded leopard (Dwanse chituwa) Neofelis nebulosa
11. Royal Bengal Tiger (Pate Bagh) Panthera tigris
12. Snow leopard (Hiun chituwa) Panthere uncia
13. Asiatic elephant (Hatti) Elephas maximus
14. One Honed Asiatic Rhino (Gainda) Rhiniceros unicornis
15. Pygmi hog (Pudke Bandel) Sus salvanius
16. Musk deer (Kasturi mirga) Moschus moschiferos
17. Swamp deer (Barhasingha) Cervus duvauceli
18. Gaur (Gauri gai) Bos gaurus
19. Wild yak (Yak) Bos grunniens
20. Wild buffalo (Arna) Bubalus bubalis
21. Great Tibetan sheep (Nayan) Ovis ammon
22. Tibetan antilope (Chiru) Pantholops hodgsoni
23. Blackbuck (Krisnasar) Antilope cervicapra
24. Four-horned antilope (Chauka) Tetraceros quadricornis
25. Striped hynae (Hundar) Hyaena hyaena
26. Gangetic dolphin (Shons) Platanista gangetica
Reptiles
The species of reptiles found in Nepal exceeds well over hundred, among which crocodiles, Monitor lizard and Python are ther largest and there are three of them listed under the protected animal in Nepal as:
1. Ghariyal (Gharial gohi) Gavialis gangeticus
2. Python (Ajingar) Python spp.
3. Monitor lizard (Sun gohoro) Varanus flavescens
___________________________
Source:
nature-treks-nepal
Established in 1973, Chitwan National park is the first protected area of Nepal. And the protected areas now includes ten national parks, three wildlife reserves, one hunting reserve and six conservation areas and eleven buffer zones covering an area of 34,186.62 sq. km that is 23.23% of the total area of the country.
Plants
Nepal has the record of some 6500 species of flowering plants and ferns for Nepal, which is about 4 times as many the UK, 300 of which are endemic to Nepal. Nepal’s importance to world conservation is further highlighted by the international recognition of the Himalayan Region as one of the World’s top 20 global biodiversity hotspots: a region of which Nepal is a major component.
Protected Medicinal Plants of Nepal (http://www.forestrynepal.org)
1. Dactylorhiza hatagirea Panchaunle
2. Bark of Juglans regia Okhar ko bokra
3. Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Kutki
4. Nardostachys grandiflora Jatamansi
5. Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha
6. Cinnamomum glaucescens Sugandhakokila
7. Valeriana jatamansi Sugandhawal
8. Lichen spp. Jhyau
9. Abies spectabilis Talispatra
10. Taxus spp. Lauth salla
11. Cordyceps sinensis Yarsagomba
12. Michelia champaca Champ
13. Acacia catechu Khayar
14. Shorea robusta Sal
15. Bombax ceiba Simal
16. Dalbergia latifolia Satisal
17. Pteocarpus marsupium Bijayasal
18. Juglans regia Okhar
Birds and birdlife in Nepal
Nepal is one of richest country for birdlife and is bestowed with 9% of the total birds of the world including numerous endangered, globally threatened with one endemic species, Spiny Babbler. Himalayan Monal (Impeyan pheasant) or Danphe, Lophophorus impejanus is the national birds of Nepal. By the law of country, following nine species are protected birds.
Protected birds of Nepal
1. Chir pheasant (Kalij) Catreus wallichii
2. Impeyan pheasant (Danphe) Lophophorus impejanus
3. Crimson-horned pheasant (Monal) Tragopan satyra
4. White stork (Seto Sarus) Ciconia ciconia
5. Bengal floricans (Khar major) Eupodotis bengalensis
6. Lesser floricans (Sano khar major) Sypheotides indica
7. Sarus crane (Sarus) Grus grus
8. Giant hornbill (Thulo dhanesh) Buceros bicornis
9. Black stork (Kalo sarus) Ciconia nigra
Orchids
Orchids are the nature’s one of the best display in their flowering patterns. The world has some 600 genera of this group in plant families, and out of this, Nepal has 57 genera (27 Terrestrials and 30 Epiphytic) with a few lithophytes. Wide spread into different ecological zones, from the foot hills of the Himalayas to the plains in the Terai, the orchid-world in Nepal is immensely interesting for nature lovers and horticultural experts. Over 300 species of orchids are found in Nepal, among which 11 species are endemic to Nepal and they are:
(1) Bulbophyllum ambrosia subsp. nepalensis
(2) Eria baniaii Bajracharya
(3) Eria nepalensis
(4) Eria pokharensis
(5) Liparis olivacea
(6) Neottia nepalensi
(7) Malaxis monophyllos
(8) Malaxis tamurensis
(9) Oberonia nepalensis
(10) Oreorchis pporphyranthes
(11) Pleione coronaria
Butterflies
11 of world’s 15 families of butterflies making over 643 species in Nepal (Butterflies of Nepal, Collin Smith)
Mammals
There are 167 mammal species in Nepal or l4% of mammals on earth, of which 1 is critically endangered (Pygmy Hog Sus salvanius), 11 are endangered, 20 are vulnerable, and 4 are near-threatened.
Following are the protected animals of Nepal
1. Assamese monkey (Assamis rato Bandar) Macaca assamensis
2. Indian pangolin (Salak Manis) pentadactyla
3. Hispid hare (Hispid kharayo) Caprolagus hispidus
4. Wolf (Bwanso) Canis lupus
5. Himalayan Bear (Himali rato bhalu) Ursus arctos
6. Red panda (Habre) Ailurus fulgens
7. Spotted linsang (Silu) Prionodon pardicolor
8. Leopard cat (Chari bagh) Felis bengalensia
9. Lynx Lynx Felis lynx
10. Clouded leopard (Dwanse chituwa) Neofelis nebulosa
11. Royal Bengal Tiger (Pate Bagh) Panthera tigris
12. Snow leopard (Hiun chituwa) Panthere uncia
13. Asiatic elephant (Hatti) Elephas maximus
14. One Honed Asiatic Rhino (Gainda) Rhiniceros unicornis
15. Pygmi hog (Pudke Bandel) Sus salvanius
16. Musk deer (Kasturi mirga) Moschus moschiferos
17. Swamp deer (Barhasingha) Cervus duvauceli
18. Gaur (Gauri gai) Bos gaurus
19. Wild yak (Yak) Bos grunniens
20. Wild buffalo (Arna) Bubalus bubalis
21. Great Tibetan sheep (Nayan) Ovis ammon
22. Tibetan antilope (Chiru) Pantholops hodgsoni
23. Blackbuck (Krisnasar) Antilope cervicapra
24. Four-horned antilope (Chauka) Tetraceros quadricornis
25. Striped hynae (Hundar) Hyaena hyaena
26. Gangetic dolphin (Shons) Platanista gangetica
Reptiles
The species of reptiles found in Nepal exceeds well over hundred, among which crocodiles, Monitor lizard and Python are ther largest and there are three of them listed under the protected animal in Nepal as:
1. Ghariyal (Gharial gohi) Gavialis gangeticus
2. Python (Ajingar) Python spp.
3. Monitor lizard (Sun gohoro) Varanus flavescens
___________________________
Source:
nature-treks-nepal
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